A federated operating model for multi-network fiber ecosystems. As fiber footprints span wholesale, open-access, and partner-owned domains, this paper argues the scaling problem has shifted from enabling ISPs on one network to operating coherently across many.
FTTH coverage keeps expanding across Europe and North America, but take-up trails well behind homes passed. The paper argues future value creation depends less on construction velocity and more on turning fragmented, already-built access into coherent, billable service.